billon's favorites (200)

AppReadWriteCounter analyzes disk read/write operations of every application running on your system. It displays both the current file and number of bytes, operations, speed and the details about the application, including product name, product version, etc., making the file read/write operations.

Tor Browser enables secure, anonymous web access to help bypass various forms of censorship and tracking. It includes the Vidalia Tor client along with Firefox ESR, as well as a variety of configuration changes including the NoScript and HTTPS Everywhere add-ons to enhance privacy. The official browser bundle from the makers of Tor.

Note that the Tor site has some additional precautions that careful users may wish to follow.

Functional in 64-bit. Cross-platform with clients available for Mac and Linux.

WinSCP is a feature-rich tabbed file transfer client with a variety of views including single-window, dual-pane and tree view interfaces. The program supports standard FTP as well as secure connections using WebDav, S3, SSH, SSL/TLS and legacy SCP. The program can search, perform directory synchronization between local and remote, change properties, and edit text/binary files.

Includes support for scripting, task automation, various authentication tools, proxy, SSH tunnels and IPv6.

Alternatively, WinSCP Portable is multilingual and supports PuTTY Portable. X-WinSCP, packaged in winPenPack's format, is also available.

USBDeview lists all USB devices plugged into your computer, both current and past. Information on devices includes name/description, type, serial number (for mass storage), the date/time that device was added, Vendor ID, Product ID etc. The program also allows you to disconnect currently connected USB devices as well as uninstall previously used USB devices. The program can be used on a remote computer, as long as you have an admin login to that computer.

AnyBurn is a lightweight CD / DVD / Blu-ray disc burning software with most common features. Includes the ability to burn files/image to disc, create an image from disc, drive info, disc copy, image file conversion (e.g. ISO -> BIN/CUE) and erase rewritable. Can also burn audio files (MP3, FLAC, APE, M4A, WAV, WMA etc.) to audio CD.

A 64-bit version is available (within the folder).

WhoisThisDomain is a domain registration lookup utility that allows you to easily get information about a registered domain. It automatically connect to the right WHOIS server, according to the top-level domain name and retrieve the WHOIS record of the domain.

It support both generic domains and country code domains.

PeaZip is a feature-rich file archiver with broad support for 100+ archive types. The file manager interface includes a hash tool, file wipe, file associations, themes, estimated compression level, system benchmark, image crop/rename and much more. Note that tools setup through the task scheduler are not portable.

Formats supported include most mainstream archive formats, including 7ZIP, ACE (read), BZIP2, CAB, GZIP, MSI (extr.), RAR (extr.), TAR, UPX, ZIP, as well as it's own PEA format.

Cross platform (Linux/BSD) and a 64-bit version is available. Alternatively, PeaZip Portable portablizes bookmarks and includes both 32 and 64-bit versions, automatically using the proper one on each PC.

Lintalist is a context sensitive text-expander with abbreviations, shortcuts, plugins, scripts and search. It allows you to store and (incrementally) search and edit texts in bundles and paste a selected text in your active program. The text can be interactive, for example you can automatically insert the current time and date, ask for (basic) user input or make a selection from a list etc and finally it can also run a script. You can use keyboard shortcuts or abbreviations to paste the text (or run the script) without opening the search window. You can also use formatted text (html, markdown and rtf) and images.

Written in AutoHotkey

GPU-Z is a lightweight system utility designed to provide vital information about your video card and graphics processor. It supports AMD, ATI, Intel and NVIDIA graphics devices.

Alternatively, GPU-Z Portable has portable settings and is stealth.

ProcessTCPSummary is a network analysis tool, displaying a summary of all process that have TCP connections or listening UDP ports. For each process, this tool displays the total number of TCP connections, connections for each status (established, listening, syn-sent, syn-received...), number of IPv4/IPv6 TCP connections, common port numbers and more.

If run as Administrator, you can also watch the number of TCP/UDP bytes sent and received by every process, as well as the current send/receive speed.

LiveTcpUdpWatch displays live information about all network activity on your system. The program displays the protocol (TCP/UDP/IPv4/IPv6), local/remote IP address, local/remote port, number of sent/received bytes, number of sent/received packets, connect/disconnect time (for TCP only) and the process (ID and path) responsible for this activity.

ShellExView displays the details of shell extensions installed on your machine and allows you to easily enable/disable each shell extension. ShellExView comes in handy for solving problems caused by third party shell extensions.

StorURL is a customizable bookmark manager that can import from most popular browsers or add manually. Bookmarks can be then organized in a unlimited number of categories. The program includes verification, the ability to launch in a custom browser, grab website icons, search, always remain on top, minimize to tray (with bookmarks launched from the tray), floating tool-bar, password-protection and more.

Supported browsers include Firefox, Internet Explorer, Google Chrome and Opera. Bookmarks can also be imported from StorURL Online if registered.

Mozilla Thunderbird is a skinnable, feature-rich email, calendar, task and instant messaging client with support for plugins and many protocols. It comes with advanced search tools, message filtering, Bayesian spam detector, built-in spell checker, mailbox compression and many more. Program features can be extended with add-ons, including a specialized version of email encryption tool GPG.

Email protocols include SMTP, POP3, IMAP4, NNTP and RSS and chat support for IRC, Twitter, XMPP and Google Talk.

Mozilla Thunderbird, Portable Edition is a special build licensed by Mozilla. Alternatively, X-Thunderbird is also available.

NetworkTrafficView is a monitoring tool that captures information passing through your network adapter and displays general traffic statistics. Packet statistics are grouped by the Ethernet Type, IP Protocol, Source/Destination Addresses and Source/Destination ports.

A variety of information is displayed on each line including Ethernet Type (IPv4, IPv6, ARP), IP Protocol (TCP, UDP, ICMP), Source Address, Destination Address, Source Port, Destination Port, Service Name (http, ftp and so on), Packets Count, Total Packets Size, Total Data Size, Data Speed, Maximum Data Speed, Average Packet Size, First/Last Packet Time, Duration and process ID/Name (for TCP connections).

Notepad++ is a tabbed source code editor and Notepad replacement with a customizable interface. Includes source code "folding", allowing users to quickly reduce and expand sections of code to see the overall document. In addition, it features multi-language syntax highlighting, auto-completion, Perl-compatible regular expression search/replace, macro recording and playback, document map etc. The program can access a long list of plug-ins via an easy-to-access menu with even more features and functions.

Alternatively, X-Notepad++ and Notepad++ Portable clean the local folder.

SyncFolders supports 3 synchronization modes - Copy, Backup (Mirror) and Two-Way Synchronization on an unlimited number of files and folders. Other features include preview, file comparison by date and size or by content, integration with Windows task scheduler, filters, connections from or to UNC paths, multiple rules in a single rules file, and deleted or overwritten files can be moved to the recycle bin or to a time-stamped history folder. It even can ignore one-hour time stamp differences caused by DST switch for synchronization to FAT file systems.

The program includes logging, command-line parameters and more. SyncFolders is multilingual and comes with a detailed help file.

XnView is a feature-rich, customizable media viewer that supports more than 400 formats. Includes batch image converter/renamer as well as basic transformations (rotate, filters, effects, colors, multi-page etc.). Various viewing settings include tabbed interface, fullscreen, slideshow, web page, contact sheet, image compare and filmstrip layout. Includes scanner support, screen capture, Photoshop's 8bf plugins, image search, histogram, metadata viewer, automatic crop (deletes background), watermark, flash export and more. It can also store thumbnails to a temp folder rather than each image folder accessed, which is handy for portable use.

Alternatively, XnView Portable is pre-configured and automatically supports PDF interpreter/rendering engine Ghostscript Portable.

BrowserAddonsView displays the details addons/plugins installed in your system for Chrome, Firefox and Internet Explorer. If there are multiple profiles (for Chrome and Firefox), the program can detect and scan them all.

Mozilla Firefox is a fast, powerful and secure web browser that supports open standards and many of the latest web technologies. The program includes smart search, easy bookmark management, web development tools and built-in download manager. A powerful add-on system allows for thousands of specialized functions, as well as a customized look and feel.

Versions available for Mac, Android, iOS, Linux and supports many world languages.

Mozilla Firefox, Portable Edition is a special build licensed by Mozilla. It includes both the 32-bit and 64-bit builds and selects the appropriate one for each PC. Beta, Developer and Extended Release versions are also available. Alternatively, X-Firefox is also available.

SQLiteSpy is a fast and compact database manager for SQLite. It reads SQLite 3 files and executes SQL against them with a graphical user interface that makes it very easy to explore, analyze and manipulate those databases.

7-Zip is an archive manager that can view and create a wide variety of formats. The program includes folder favorites, optional two-pane view, checksum calculator, file split/combine capability and more. Individual archives can be created with high speed or high compression settings, update options (including update, add/replace, synchronize), split volumes and more. Archives can be secured with standard zip or more secure AES encryption.

Although the official archiver for the open, high-compression "7z" format, the program also supports the creation of multiple formats including ZIP, XZ, BZIP2, GZIP, TAR and WIM. It will extract a long list of other formats, among them RAR, CAB, ISO, ARJ, RPM, VHD, VMDK etc. Even more formats are supported through third-party plugins. Supports 80+ world languages.

7-Zip Portable is a wrapper from PortableApps.com, auto-detecting 32 or 64-bit automatically. Alternatively, X-7zip is also available.

GUIPropView displays extensive information about all windows currently opened on your system. All top-level windows are displayed in the upper pane and, when selected, the lower pane lists selected child windows.

Controls include the ability to select one or more items and close, hide, show, minimize, maximize, disable, enable etc. You can also click-and-drag the targeting object to point to identify and select a given Window.

Window listing and status details can be exported to a text file or HTML report.

AppNetworkCounter counts and displays the number of TCP/UDP bytes and packets sent and received by every application on your system. For every application, the following information is displayed: the number of sent and received bytes, number of sent and received packets, number of sent/received IPv4 bytes and number of sent/received IPv6 bytes. It also displays the version information of the application - Product Name, Product Version, File Description and Company Name.

Pale Moon is a fork of a previous version of Firefox focusing on efficiency and ease of use. Unlike Firefox, there is no support for accessibility features or parental controls.

Autoruns shows programs that run during system bootup or login, as well as entries in the order Windows processes them. These programs include ones in your startup folder, Run, RunOnce and other Registry keys. You can configure Autoruns to show other locations, including Explorer shell extensions, toolbars, browser helper objects, Winlogon notifications, auto-start services and much more. Autoruns goes way beyond the MSConfig utility.

A 64-bit version is available (within the folder).

Alternatively, Autoruns Portable is stealth and will only show the EULA once.

IPNetInfo is a small utility that allows you to easily find all available information about an IP address: the owner of the IP address, the country/state name, IP addresses range, contact information (address, phone, fax and email) and more. This utility can be very useful for finding the origin of unsolicited mail.

Optionally, add CurrPorts to the same directory to resolve information of the remote IP address via the right-click context menu.

Everything is a powerful search tool that locates files and folders by file name instantly, and includes an FTP and Web server interface. It also can search files by their contents. Unlike Windows search, Everything initially displays all files and folders on your computer. You simply type in part of the desired file name to limit what files and folders are displayed instantly. The more you type, the more specific the list becomes.

Note that the instant-search capability only works on NTFS/ReFS-formatted drives and only uses file and folder names in a file index. The program can separately catalog non-NTFS/ReFS and network servers for searching on a schedule.

HxD is a carefully designed and fast hex editor including raw disk editing, modifying foreign RAM and handling files of any size. The program includes search/replace (ASCII | Unicode), export, checksum/digests, insertion of byte patterns, file shredder, concatenation or splitting of files, statistics and more.

Directory Monitor enables real-time monitoring for new files/folders or changes. The program can monitor unlimited directories and network shares, as well as filter results and execute a program/script at a given event. The program can log all changes and allows notifications via balloon messages or taskbar animation.

Supports relative folder locations.

Wireless Network Watcher scans your wireless or small wired network and displays the list of all computers and devices that are currently connected to your network. For every computer or device that is connected to your network, IP & MAC addresses, the company that manufactured the network card and optionally the computer name are all listed.

Miranda NG is a multi-protocol instant messaging client supporting most common protocols by default including Facebook, GG, ICQ, IRC, Jabber and MSN. However, additional protocols (including Discord, Skype, Tox, Twitter etc.), plugins and languages are available via "Main menu > Show full plugin list" (see online list).

As the program is a code fork of Miranda IM, an FAQ about the differences is available.

Alternatively, Miranda NG Portable is also available.

CopyQ is a powerful clipboard manager that can handle text, HTML and images. It supports customizable global commands, quick browsing and pasting (including paste as plain text), always on top, tray control, themes, advanced command-line interface and scripting. Items can be organized into tabs. Tabs can be renamed, re-arranged (via drag&drop) and icons can be assigned to tabs. Notes and tags can also be added to items. Other features include global search (case sensitive, regular expressions), preview, transparency, notifications, backup, export, import, logging and more.

CopyQ is cross-platform program, available for Windows, Linux and MacOS.

AdiIRC is an IRC client with multi-server support and a customizable interface. It offers all the standard IRC features including private chats, basic Identd features, system informations, SSL, IPv6, chat logging and DCC Chat/Transfers.

It also offers now playing support for various media players, advanced scripting, themes, MTS themes, plugins, and dockable/undockable activity monitors that lets you monitor many channels at once.

Note: Additional Themes and Language files are available from the homepage.

RegistryChangesView allows you to take a snapshot of Windows Registry and later compare it with the current Registry, Registry files stored in a shadow copy created by Windows, or other snapshots. When comparing two snapshots, exact changes are displayed, with optional export of the changes into a standard .reg file.

Bulk Crap Uninstaller (BCUninstaller) allows users to uninstall programs and clean lingering data from the file system and Windows registry. The program can remove Windows Store apps, batch remove multiple programs and handle programs that don't provide uninstallers. The program can also detect damaged or missing uninstallers, quiet uninstall options, uninstall lists, startup managers, verification of uninstaller certificates and more.

AstroGrep is a search utility for finding text within files quickly. Text found within each file is displayed with sidebar options for further filtering and preferences for text result styling. Searches using keywords and regular expressions are supported with options additionally for printing, storing recently used paths and opening files externally with a text editor (down to the exact line number and column, if supported by the editor).

The program is not an indexing search program, meaning it checks the contents of all files each time it searches. Based on the popular grep search used in *nix.

InstalledPackagesView displays the list of all software packages installed on your system (or from another system on external hard-drive) with Windows Installer (MSI). The program lists the files, Registry keys and associated .NET Assemblies. For every installed program, you can view name, version, install date, registry time, estimated size, install location, install source, MSI filename (in C:\Windows\Installer) and more.

3D Youtube Downloader searches and downloads a variety of media from YouTube, Vimeo, Dailymotion, LiveLeak and many other sites for playing outside the browser or offline viewing. The program even downloads subtitles and 3D video from YouTube and Dailymotion. High speed download is available with multipart downloads and HTTP compression, as well as proxy support to help circumvent network restrictions.

The search tool includes a variety of criteria including size, detail, ratings and many more. The interface provides options for different types of users including advanced for detailed view of available formats and quality levels, as well as a conversion mode for moving files to a different format altogether. The program supports a variety of media file quality and formats including WebM, MP4, FLV (video) and M4A, OGG, MP3 (audio), as well as conversion to AAC, WMA, SPX and many more.

The program can view YouTube RSS aggregators so you can see and download the latest in a series. A separate, non-free version is available for batch operations, but it is possible to run multiple instances of program for concurrent downloads.

ThisIsMyFile is a program for unlocking protected files or folders. The program can delete stubborn files or remove them at system reboot, as well as make a copy for further analysis.

BOOTICE is a boot-related maintenance gadget that is used to install, repair, backup and restore disk (mirrored) MBR or partition PBR; edit Windows boot configuration file BCD; manage UEFI startup items; VHD / VHDX file management. In addition, it has disk sector editing, disk filling, partition management, disk partitioning and formatting, GRUB4DOS menu editing and other functions.

NOTE: Homepage is down, linking to Softpedia.

Core Temp is a small footprint yet powerful program to monitor processor temperature and other vital system information. The program can track temperatures on individual processor cores, useful for advanced diagnostics or checking that cooling tools are functioning properly.

MiTeC JSON Viewer include simple JSON Editor with JSON validation, support hierarchical and text preview, text searching and Base64 encoding/decoding.

MiTeC XML Viewer include simple XML Editor with xml validation, very fast SAX parser, support hierarchical and text preview, text searching, Base64 decoding, SVG preview, attribute listing, image interpretation, Web and Content preview and large files up to available memory.

AppCompatibilityView displays the list of all programs that run with different compatibility settings, stored in the Registry under HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\AppCompatFlags\Layers and the same location in HKLM.

The program enables easy compatibility settings modification, addition, or removal of multiple applications at once.

Resource Hacker is an utility to view, modify, rename, add, delete and extract resources in 32-bit and 64-bit Windows executables and resource files (*.res). The program can modify program icons as they appear in the taskbar, Start Menu and Desktop, among many other things.

It incorporates an internal resource script compiler and decompiler.

Otter is a tabbed web-browser with a customisable interface, speed dial, password manager, bookmark manager, mouse gestures, URL completion, spell checking, content blocking, user style sheets and more. The program attempts to re-create the best features of the old Opera browser (Presto engine).

The program is cross-platform with a client available for Linux and uses the WebKit browser engine.

SearchMyFiles is a powerful alternative to the standard Windows search. It allows you to easily find files by wildcard, last modified/created/last accessed time, file attributes, content (text or binary search), and file size. The program is non-indexing, meaning it searches the drive directly, which is often slower but more accurate.

Can also be used to detect duplicate files via the "Search Mode" drop-down box.

QTranslate is a front-end for various translation websites. Open the main window to enter or paste text or simply select text and press a hotkey for a popup translation window. The program also has the ability to search in offline XDXF dictionaries, speech recognition, text to speech synthesis, image text recognition, spell checking, virtual keyboard, search the web and more.

Supported translation services are Google Translate, Bing Translator, Promt, Babylon, SDL FreeTranslation.com, Yandex.Translate, youdao, Baidu, Naver and DeepL; dictionaries: ABBYY Lingvo Live, Babylon Dictionary, Definr, Google, ImTranslator, Multitran, Oxford Learner Dictionary, Reverso, Urban Dictionary, Wikipedia and WordReference.

Although the hotkeys can be modified, the following are available by default:

• Show the translation window: CTRL+Q (press CTRL twice for the main window)
• Speak text: Ctrl+E
• Perform a web search: Ctrl+W

Kid3 is customizable audio tag editor that supports a broad list of audio formats. The program functions with a variety of ID3 tags and convert between them. The program can also edit tags of multiple files, generate tags from filenames and from the contents of tag fields, generate filenames from tags, rename and create directories from tags and create playlist files. The program can also import from several sources including gnudb.org, TrackType.org, MusicBrainz, Discogs and Amazon, as well as export tags to CSV and HTML files.

Formats supported include MP3, Ogg/Vorbis, FLAC, MPC, MP4/AAC, MP2, Opus, Speex, TrueAudio, WavPack, WMA, WAV, AIFF and APE. ID3 tag versions include v1.1, v2.3 and v2.4.

Cross-platform with versions available for Android, Linux and macOS.

MultiMonitorTool allows a variety of monitor setting tweaks including disable/enable monitors, set primary monitor, save/load all monitors configs and move windows from one monitor to another. The program also provides a preview window, which allows you to view a preview of all attached monitors.

Command-line features are available.

VeraCrypt is volume encryption software that functions like an attached drive, making it possible to actively work with data like any other drive until the volume is dismounted. The program supports favorites, hot keys, hardware acceleration, and auto-mount options. Includes a variety of available tools for added security including keyfiles, security tokens, hidden volumes, auto-dismount, cascaded encryption and cached password management.

Cross-platform with clients available for Mac and Linux. Alternatively, VeraCrypt Portable is also available.

VeraCrypt is based on the inactive TrueCrypt, attempting to solve some of the program's documented weaknesses. The program can open and convert TrueCrypt volumes.

DevManView is an alternative to the standard Windows Device Manager. It displays all devices and their properties in a flat table, instead of a hierarchical treeview. In addition to displaying the devices of your local computer, DevManView also lets you view the device list of another computer on your network, as long as you have administrator access rights to that computer.

DevManView can also load the devices list from external instance of Windows and disable unwanted devices. This feature can be useful if you have trouble starting Windows on a particular machine and you need to disable a problematic device.

ColorMania is an advanced color picker utility, especially created for web-designers, graphic artists and application developers. The program is able to pick colors from anywhere on your screen using a built-in screen magnifier for increased accuracy.

Includes variable zoom settings, a color palate, random and image inversion, hue, saturation, value, and brightness settings. A variety of color notation types (HTML Hex, RGB values, CMYK, Photoshop and more).

PDF-XChange Viewer is a feature-rich program that displays multiple PDF documents within a tabbed interface. Edit features include the ability to rotate documents, add comments/annotations to any PDF file, apply custom stamps from any image/PDF file/Windows clipboard, mark-up pages with text and objects, and type directly on any PDF page in "Typewriter" mode. The program supports exporting to BMP/JPEG/TIFF/PNG etc., or extracting text from a PDF page/file. Additional features include capturing the document with the snapshot tool (copies an area to clipboard), measuring tools for distance, area and perimeter, and more. A recommended picture-to-text OCR plugin is available (thanks Bruce) as is a PDF help file.

Reported as functional on Mac/Linux under WINE. Alternatively, PDF-XChange Viewer Portable adjusts paths, with an OCR plugin and help file available from the website as separate downloads.

Note:

• The free PDF-XChange Viewer lacks some features present in the registered version (payware) and, while some "Pro" features can still be used, they'll add a watermark to the document edited upon saving
• For 64-bit, see forum post

IrfanView is a viewer for a wide variety of image, audio and video formats. The program includes batch processing, creation of panoramic images, edition of multi-page TIFF files, lossless JPEG rotate/crop and effects such as sharpen and blur. Other tools such as screen capture, scanner, slideshow, plugin support and ability to capture icons from EXE or DLL.

Alternatively, IrfanView Portable is also available and updates drive letters and handles registry keys.

MediaInfo displays a variety of technical and metadata/tag information from audio/video files. It features many different available layouts to display the information, as well as the ability to create custom layouts. The program can be used to find missing codecs or get more information about a given media file.

Process Explorer is an advanced task manager. It is an indispensable tool for both beginners and power users. I use it all the time to kill tasks that refuse to be killed, or find what which processes are still holding on to a particular file or DLL so it refuses to be deleted.

Alternatively, Process Explorer Portable is also available, which is stealth.

Rufus, or Reliable USB Formatting Utility (with Source), is a small and fast utility that helps create bootable external drives, such as USB keys/pendrives, memory sticks etc. The program is ideal for use with installation media from ISOs (Windows, Linux etc.) for working on a system without an OS, flashing device BIOS or other firmware, or you want to run a low-level system utility.

Functional on 64-bit systems.

Rufus Portable also available.

FolderChangesView monitors the folder, disk drive, or even remote network share to see every file that is being modified, created, or deleted. Requires read permissions to the selected drive/folder.

AdvancedRun allows you to run a program with different settings that you choose, including - low or high priority, start directory, main window state (Minimized/Maximized), run the program with different user or permissions, Operating system compatibility settings and environment variables.

You can also save the desired settings into a configuration file and then run the program automatically from command-line with the desired settings.

qBittorrent is a file sharing client modeled as an open alternative to µTorrent. It includes a torrent search engine, support for all extensions (DHT, Peer Exchange, crypto, Magnet/BitComet etc.), web interface, RSS, scheduler, IP Filtering (eMule and PeerGuardian compatible), IPv6 compliance and more. Uniquely, it includes a program lock to password-protect the interface.

The program includes torrent creation and even tracker capabilities (for serving content).

qBittorrent Portable is PortableApps.com version of the program. Alternatively, X-qBittorrent is also available. Clients are also available for other platforms (Mac, Linux, FreeBSD, OS/2) and in ~25 world languages.

NetTraffic is a network bandwidth speed monitor supporting real time data rate chart, network usage history and quota usage meter. The window can be resized, will auto-adjust to clearly display speeds, and has a variety of colors and data visualizations.

SmartSystemMenu enables custom menu items to all system windows, including information of the current window and process, abilities to set window always on top, save screenshot, resize, and align to any position on the desktop. The program can also set transparency, change the current window's program priority and minimize to the system tray.

SwiftSearch is a lightweight program whose purpose is to help you quickly find the files you need on your Windows machine without ever requiring you to index your drives. It completely bypasses the file system (only NTFS supported) and reads the file table directly every time, which speeds up search significantly. Program also supports path-based search, regular expressions and full directory sizes.

WirelessKeyView recovers all wireless network keys (WEP/WPA) stored in your computer by the "Wireless Zero Configuration" service. It allows you to easily save all keys to text/HTML/XML file, or copy a single key to the clipboard.